What is NAD+? Everything you need to know

If you're wondering, "What is NAD+?" you're not alone because many people do. NAD+ is a vital molecule that plays a significant role in your body's energy production and overall health. This article covers everything you need to know about NAD+, its functions, benefits, and how you can boost your NAD levels naturally.

What is NAD+, and what does NAD stand for?

NAD+ is a coenzyme found in every cell of your body. The name "NAD" stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and it helps convert the food you eat into energy. In its active form, NAD+ supports vital cellular processes like metabolism and DNA repair, making it essential for maintaining optimal health.

What does NAD+ do?

The main function of NAD+ is to transport high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration. This process allows your cells to generate the energy they need to function. In addition, NAD+ plays a role in regulating many biological pathways that influence processes like aging and metabolism.

NAD+ benefits: What does NAD+ do for the body?

NAD+ has gained attention for its wide range of health benefits. Let’s explore what NAD+ can do for your body.

May slow certain effects of aging

NAD+ levels naturally decline as you age. This reduction is linked to various age-related health issues, including reduced energy, memory problems, and slower recovery from illness. By increasing NAD+ levels, some studies suggest that it may help slow the aging process and improve vitality [1] [2].

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May improve cognitive function

Research suggests that NAD+ has neuroprotective properties, which may help enhance brain function. Higher NAD+ levels could support cognitive health, improve memory, and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease [3] [4].

Could reduce premature skin aging

NAD+ supplementation could help promote DNA repair and cell regeneration. This may protect your skin from the damaging effects of UV rays and pollution, slowing premature signs of aging like wrinkles and fine lines [5] [6].

Potentially supports metabolic health

NAD+ plays a role in maintaining your metabolism. By supporting energy production at the cellular level, NAD+ may improve how your body handles nutrients, which can help with weight management. It also supports insulin sensitivity, potentially reducing the risk of metabolic disorders [7] [8].

May boost energy

Because NAD+ is essential for energy production, having adequate levels can increase your stamina and reduce fatigue. Some people report feeling more energized and less sluggish when their NAD+ levels are optimized [9] [10].

Potentially reduces pain

Certain studies suggest that NAD+ may help reduce pain, particularly in cases of chronic pain or inflammation. It works by improving cellular function and tissue repair, which may contribute to pain relief and enhanced recovery [11] [13].

Could improves mood

NAD+ may help stabilize mood by influencing neurotransmitters in the brain, promoting emotional well-being, and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Optimizing NAD+ levels could help keep you feeling more balanced and positive [12].

NADH vs NAD+: What’s the difference?

NADH and NAD+ are two forms of the same molecule, each serving a distinct role in the body. Think of NAD as a rechargeable battery that switches between two states. NAD+ is the oxidized form, meaning it has lost electrons, while NADH is the reduced form, meaning it has gained electrons. Both are essential for energy production, but NADH specifically transfers electrons to the electron transport chain, a key step in producing ATP — the body's primary energy source.

Signs of low NAD+ levels

When NAD+ levels drop, it can have noticeable effects on your health. Symptoms of low NAD+ include chronic fatigue, poor cognitive function, muscle weakness, increased pain sensitivity, and slower recovery from injuries. If you experience these symptoms, your NAD+ levels may need to be replenished.

How do I get NAD+?

You can increase your NAD+ levels in a few ways. Supplements are a popular option, with many people taking NAD+ precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). These compounds are converted into NAD+ in your body, helping boost your levels.

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Dosage

There is no official recommended dosage for NR or NMN, but it's best to start with a lower dose and monitor your body's response. If you’re using SOOO ace: 99.89% purity NR, take one capsule per day, preferably in the morning.

Side effects of NAD+

Most people tolerate NAD+ supplements well, but some may experience mild side effects, such as headaches, nausea, or digestive discomfort. These side effects are usually temporary and subside as your body adjusts. However, always consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.

Potential drug interactions

NAD+ supplements may interact with certain medications. For example, if you are taking medications for diabetes, blood pressure, or other chronic conditions, it’s essential to consult with your doctor before starting NAD+ supplementation to ensure there are no adverse interactions.

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FAQ

Are NAD+ supplements safe?

Yes, NAD+ supplements are generally considered safe when taken as directed. However, always consult your healthcare provider before beginning any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are on medication.

Is NAD+ the same as vitamin B3?

No, NAD+ is not the same as vitamin B3, but they are closely related. Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is a precursor to NAD+, meaning it helps your body produce NAD+.

How can I increase my NAD+ naturally?

You can increase your NAD+ levels naturally by eating foods rich in niacin, such as turkey, tuna, and avocado. Regular exercise, intermittent fasting, and getting enough sleep also support NAD+ production in the body.

What is NAD IV therapy?

NAD IV therapy involves administering NAD+ directly into your bloodstream through an intravenous drip. This method is used to quickly restore NAD+ levels and is often sought for its potential benefits in energy, cognitive function, and overall well-being. Consult your healthcare provider before considering this treatment.

References

[1] Aman, Y., Qiu, Y., Tao, J., & Fang, E. F. (2018). Therapeutic potential of boosting NAD⁺ in aging and age-related diseases. Translational Medicine of Aging, 2, 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tma.2018.08.003 

[2] Fang, E. F., et al. (2016). NAD⁺ replenishment improves lifespan and healthspan in ataxia telangiectasia models via mitophagy and DNA repair. Cell Metabolism, 24(4), 566–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.004 

[3] Wang, L., Peng, T., Deng, J., Gao, W., Wang, H., Luo, O. J., Huang, L., & Chen, G. (2024). Nicotinamide riboside alleviates brain dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via protecting mitochondria. Biochemical Pharmacology, 225, 116272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116272 

[4] Lautrup, S., Sinclair, D. A., Mattson, M. P., & Fang, E. F. (2019). NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cell metabolism, 30(4), 630–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.001 

[5] Kang, S., Park, J., Cheng, Z., Ye, S., Jun, S.-H., & Kang, N.-G. (2024). Novel Approach to Skin Anti-Aging: Boosting Pharmacological Effects of Exogenous Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) by Synergistic Inhibition of CD38 Expression. Cells, 13(21), 1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13211799 

[6] Ruszkiewicz, J. A., Bürkle, A., & Mangerich, A. (2022). Fueling genome maintenance: On the versatile roles of NAD+ in preserving DNA integrity. The Journal of biological chemistry, 298(6), 102037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102037 

[7] Connell, N. J., Houtkooper, R. H., & Schrauwen, P. (2019). NAD+ metabolism as a target for metabolic health: have we found the silver bullet?. Diabetologia, 62(6), 888–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4831-3 

[8] Yoshino, J., et al. (2011). Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD⁺ intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice. Cell Metabolism, 14(4), 528–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.014 

[9] Mach, J., Midgley, A. W., Dank, S., Grant, R. S., & Bentley, D. J. (2010). The effect of antioxidant supplementation on fatigue during exercise: potential role for NAD+(H). Nutrients, 2(3), 319–329. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2030319 

[10] Hennesy, H. M., Gravely, M. E., Alambarrio, D. A., Brannen, S. R., McDonald, J. J., Devane, S. A., Turner, K. K., Stelzleni, A. M., O’Quinn, T. G., & Gonzalez, J. M. (2024). Ability of Nicotinamide Riboside to Prevent Muscle Fatigue of Barrows Subjected to a Performance Test. Metabolites, 14(8), 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14080424 

[11] Yi, D., Lin, J., Ren, J., Zhu, B., Wu, C., & Yu, L. (2022). NAD+ metabolism in peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurochemistry International, 161, 105435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105435 

[12] Blum, K., Han, D., Baron, D., Kazmi, S., Elman, I., Gomez, L. L., Gondre-Lewis, M. C., Thanos, P. K., Braverman, E. R., & Badgaiyan, R. D. (2022). Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) and Enkephalinase Inhibition (IV1114589NAD) Infusions Significantly Attenuate Psychiatric Burden Sequalae in Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in Fifty Cases. Current psychiatry research and reviews, 18(2), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220527114427 

[13] Willemen, H. L. D. M., et al. (2023). Inflammation-induced mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances in sensory neurons control the switch from acute to chronic pain. Cell Reports Medicine, 4(11), 101265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101265